It is currently believed that MELAMINE ingestion can lead to insoluble crystals in an animal's urinary system with subsequent physical obstruction or bladder carcinoma. However, whether MELAMINE can cause injury of other tissues and organs in humans is yet unknown. In this study, we encountered 3 affected children with liver lesions, 2 males and 1 female, and detailed their clinical characterizations. Their ages were respectively 2, 6, and 10 months. Among the 3 patients with liver lesions, only 1 exhibited symptoms of gradual progressive jaundice, abdominal distention, hepatic intumesce, and bilirubin abnormality; the other 2 were asymptomatic. The mechanism associated with liver lesion may, at least in part, be due to physical deposition and blockage of the biliary tract system. Disturbance of the acid-base equilibrium may be another reason that accelerates stone formation in human tissues.

Modification of polyaniline (PANI) as a prominent conductive polymer is an important challenge in the field of conductive polymers to improve its physical properties and processability. To achieve this goal, MELAMINE–, formaldehyde (MF) copolymers were synthesized by condensation polymerization at various MELAMINE/formaldehyde monomer ratios. Among the prepared ratios, the case selected as the platform was in a condition where MELAMINE was in excess in comparison to formaldehyde to obtain a copolymer containing free –, NH2 groups to enhance conductivity of polyaniline and polyaniline-MELAMINE copolymer. The grafting reaction was performed through in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline and MELAMINE using ammonium persulfate as an oxidizing agent. Different ratios of aniline and MELAMINE were used to obtain a grafted copolymer on MELAMINE–, formaldehyde. In the next step, conductive composites were prepared by in situ graft copolymerization in the presence of modified montmorillonite. The obtained grafted copolymers and nanocomposites were undoped in ammonia solution and were well dried. Finally, the obtained undoped grafted copolymers and nanocomposites were redoped with poly (styrene-alt-maleic acid). The obtained products were characterized by various spectroscopic methods. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test showed that all synthesized nanocomposites presented a better thermal stability than pure polyaniline and MELAMINE formaldehyde copolymer. The solubility test of grafted copolymers showed that their solubility in polar solvents was improved in comparison to polyaniline. Moreover, the two-probe chronoamperometry was used to measure the electrical conductivity of the synthesized samples and the results showed that the prepared grafted copolymer and nanocomposites are conductive in nature with improved processability in the case of PANI.

MELAMINE nephrotoxi city as a result of consumption of tainted milk products in China has recently become an important topic in pediatric nephrology.1 The reported cases of acute kidney failure due to the MELAMINE intoxication is the present focus.1 Recently, the BMJ published an interesting paper on the screening for proteinuria in the children after exposure to low-dose MELAMINE and the conclusion that “Urgent and large scale renal screening in children with a history of exposure to low dose MELAMINE may not be necessary,” and 1% to 2% of proteinuria rate was reported.2 By nature, MELAMINE can mimic a protein and can cause false positivity in quantitative determination of protein level in milk.1 This can raise the question whether MELAMINE can cause false positive results for protein in vivo. Here, the author tried to use basic biochemeoinformatics principles to support the observation that there is a very low rate of proteinuria in the children after exposure to lowdose MELAMINE.

The non-rigid molecule group (NRG) theory in which the dynamic symmetry operations are defined as physical operations is a new field in chemistry. Smeyers, in a series of papers, applied this notion to determine the character table of restricted NRG of some molecules. For example, Smeyers and Villa computed the r-NRG of the triple equivalent methyl rotation in pyramidal trimethylamine with inversion and proved that the r-NRG of this molecule is a group of order 648, containing two subgroups of order 324 without inversion [5]. In this work, a simple method is described, through which it is possible to calculate character tables for the symmetry group of molecules. We study the full NRG of MELAMINE, and prove that it is a groups of order 48, with 27 and 10 conjugacy classes. Also, we compute the symmetry of MELAMINE and prove that it is a non-abelian groups of order 6. The method can be generalized to apply to other non-rigid molecules.